Impuestos sobre las Utilidades
En esta sección se presentan diversos estudios relacionados con los múltiples temas que se desprenden del tratamiento que las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (IFRS por su sigla en inglés) le otorgan al “Impuesto sobre la Utilidades”. La presentación de los estudios se estructura en dos categorías. La primera comprende trabajos realizados por Observatorio IFRS, mientras que la segunda categoría se centra en proporcionar bibliografía de interés.
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Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad e Información Financiera e Interpretaciones que regulan esta área de información: |
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| IAS 12 | : | Impuesto a las Ganancias |
| SIC 25 | : | Impuestos a las Ganacias-Cambios en la Situación Fiscal de una Entidad o de sus Accionistas |
Referencias bibliográficas de interés:
CÓDIGO: BIU - 001
Graham, J., Raedy, J., y Shackelford, D. (2010). Research in Accounting for Income Taxes. NBER working paper series N° 15.665. Disponible en http://www.nber.org/papers/w15665
Abstract
This paper comprehensively reviews Accounting for Income Taxes (AFIT). The first half provides background and a primer on AFIT. The second half reviews existing studies in detail and offers suggestions for future research. We emphasize the research questions that have been addressed (most of which relate to whether the tax accounts are used to manage earnings, and whether the tax accounts are priced by equity market participants) and highlight areas that have not received much research attention. We close with a call for a theoretical framework, more study of the inconsistencies between research and practice, and improved econometrics.
Disponible en:
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15665
CÓDIGO: BIU - 002
Eberhartinger, E. y Klostermann, M. (2007). What if IFRS were a Tax Base? New Empirical Evidence from an Austrian Perspective. Accounting in Europe. Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 141-168.
Abstract
In particular in Germany and Austria, but also in other countries, extensive theoretical and analytical research has been published on the potential tax effects should International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) be used as the basis for corporate taxation. Very few quantitative papers exist. This motivated us to conduct a study that quantifies the actual effects of a potential decisiveness of IFRS for the national tax base – without further questioning the usefulness of an IFRS relevance. Our paper extends existing research substantially. The research question of our paper deals with the measurement through simulation of differences in the discounted tax burden in various scenarios. Our sample comprises original data from 61 Austrian companies. The median of the difference between book values of IFRS single accounts and tax accounts for specific balance sheet items is determined. We then apply the result to the items of a typical corporate account derived from an Austrian database. As a result, depending on the term of items, we can calculate the discounted tax effects for different scenarios. It must be underlined that such highly confidential and detailed tax data is usually not available to researchers. The main preliminary finding of our empirical survey is that only in a few cases we find essential differences between IFRS and tax accounts. Our evidence suggests that no dramatic change in the tax base is to be expected. Our study provides not only new empirical evidence but also a basis for further research on a possible common consolidated corporate tax base from an academic perspective.
Disponible en:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449480701727932
CÓDIGO: BIU - 003
Haverals, J. (2007). IAS/IFRS in Belgium: Quantitative analysis of the impact on the tax burden of companies. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. Volumen 16, Issue 1, pp. 69–89.
Abstract
The adoption of International Accounting Standards and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) in the European Union is part of the European Commission's global tax harmonisation policy whose aim is to establish a common (consolidated) corporate tax base. The paper shows that the impact of an IAS/IFRS-based tax accounting on the effective tax burden of Belgian companies is large and not uniform across sectors. Some sectors, like construction and automotive vehicles, experience much larger increases in effective tax burdens than others. Globally the impact is relatively important. The analysis is conducted using the European Tax Analyzer (ETA), a multi-period forward looking program. In a European context, an IAS/IFRS-based tax accounting will increase the effective corporate tax burdens in all selected countries. However, it will most probably maintain the current tax competitive positions of EU countries. The expected broadening of the tax base could constitute an opportunity to reduce the corporate income tax rate without changing the overall effective burden.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951807000031
CÓDIGO: BIU - 004
Schoen, W. (2004). International Accounting Standards - A Starting Point for a Common European Tax Base?. European Taxation. Volumen 44, No. 10, pp. 426-440
Abstract
When the European Commission released a Communication on company taxation in October 2001, it established nothing less than the far-reaching political aim of supplying companies and company groups engaged in cross-border commercial activities with a uniform tax base that would apply to all profits of the company or group within the jurisdiction of the European Union. However, as the tax base constitutes one of the fundamental elements of national sovereignty, such undertaking will understandably face considerable constraints by national legislators. In this light, the article argues that the IAS/IFRS, which have recently been adopted as the common accounting framework for European listed companies, are the politically and technically most suitable “starting point” for a common European tax base.
In order to demonstrate this, it evaluates the standards that will best serve the interests both of the tax administration as well as the business community. First of all, the article shows that the accrual concept laid down in the IAS Framework and most features of recognition, valuation and risk provision are in line with the goals of corporate and individual income taxation. Problems arise, however, when investment properties and financial instrument are measured according to the “fair value concept”, which seems too vague and volatile to grant the taxpayers and tax inspectors the required certainty and cannot be applied in the field of taxation. Therefore, IAS/IFRS can only serve as the starting point for a common consolidated tax base if the weight of fair value accounting for the valuation of assets and liabilities is reduced. Finally, the article addresses the key question of “timing”, i.e. the allocation of profits and losses to different fiscal years. In this regard, the article shows that both the Anglo-American “percentage of completion method” employed by IAS/IFRS as well as the German-Continental “completed contract method” or “realization principle” have pros and cons when applied for taxation purposes. In the end, the experience from the various Member States shows that there is no compelling argument for one or the other accounting method, which leads to the conclusion that a European tax accounting system could reasonably follow the IAS/IFRS-employed completion method in this respect. As a result, the article comes to the conclusion that the basic elements and functions of IAS/IFRS are largely coherent with the necessities of an enforceable tax code and therefore can serve the purposes of business taxation.
Disponible en:
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1603758