Contratos de Seguros
En esta sección se presentan diversos estudios relacionados con los múltiples temas que se desprenden del tratamiento que las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (IFRS por su sigla en inglés) le otorgan a los “Contratos de Seguros”. La presentación de los estudios se estructura en dos categorías. La primera comprende trabajos realizados por Observatorio IFRS, mientras que la segunda categoría se centra en proporcionar bibliografía de interés.
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Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad e Información Financiera e Interpretaciones que regulan esta área de información: |
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| IFRS 4: Contratos de Seguro |
Referencias bibliográficas de interés:
CÓDIGO: BCS - 001
Ballotta, L., Esposito, G, y Habermana, S. (2005). The IASB Insurance Project for life insurance contracts: Impact on reserving methods and solvency requirements. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. Volumen 39, Issue 3, Pages 356–375
Abstract
In this communication, we review the fair value-based accounting framework promoted by the IASB Insurance Project for the case of a life insurance company. In particular, for the case of a simple participating contract with minimum guarantee, we show that the fair valuation process allows for the identification of a suitable safety loading to hedge against default risk; furthermore, we show that, when compared with the “traditional” accounting system based on the construction of mathematical reserves, the fair value approach offers a sounder reporting framework in terms of covering of the liability, implementation costs, volatility of assets and liabilities and solvency capital requirements.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668706000655
CÓDIGO: BCS - 002
Bernard, C., Le Courtois, O., y Quittard-Pinon, F. (2006). Market value of life insurance contracts under stochastic interest rates and default risk. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. Volume 36, Issue 3, 24 June 2005, Pages 499–516
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to value some life insurance contracts in a stochastic interest rate environment taking into account the default risk of the underlying insurance company. The participating life insurance contracts considered here can be expressed as portfolios of barrier options as shown by Grosen and Jørgensen [J. Risk Insurance 64 (3) (1997) 481–503]. In order to price these options, the Longstaff and Schwartz [J. Finance 50 (3) (1995) 789–820] methodology is used with the Collin-Dufresne and Goldstein [J. Finance 56 (5) (2001) 1929–1957] correction.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668705000296
CÓDIGO: BCS - 003
Duverne, D. y Le Douit, J. (2007). IFRS for Insurance: CFO Forum Proposals. The Geneva Papers. Volumen 32, pp. 62–74
Abstract
European insurers who have to establish financial statements under IFRS must apply a temporary international accounting standard for insurance contracts which provides a flawed picture of their business. The IFRS long-term project for insurance is still under preparation by the IASB. The standard should not be issued until mid-2009 following a discussion paper to be submitted for comments in the first quarter 2007. The insurance industry has been involved for several years in a proactive way, including participation in the International Insurance Working group set up by the IASB. The European CFO Forum has proposed principles on which the international accounting standard for insurance should be based. The key elements are as follows: the insurance liabilities should be valued on a market consistent measurement including the management's best estimate of future cash flows discounted at a risk-free rate and a margin for risks and uncertainties; the profit should be recognized as the insurer is released from risks, and services are provided to the policyholders over the term of contracts and not at inception. Participating contracts liabilities should be based on an economic valuation. Liabilities should be reassessed at each closing. If applied, the CFO Forum's principles would have positive impacts for the investors and other users of the financial statements while entailing huge operational implications. The proposals from the European industry for accounting are closely linked to the proposals for Solvency II that the European Commission is preparing in the meantime: the measurement of the insurance liabilities proposed for both purposes by the CFO Forum, the CRO Forum and the CEA is the same. The American insurers members of the GNAIE and four Japanese Life Insurance groups have made similar propositions for accounting but with some differences that are under debate with the CFO Forum.
Disponible en:
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/gpp/journal/v32/n1/abs/2510121a.html
CÓDIGO: BCS - 004
Ohlsson, E. y Lauzeningks, J. (2009). The one-year non-life insurance risk. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. Volume 45, Issue 2, pp. 203–208
Abstract
A major part of the literature on non-life insurance reserve risk has been devoted to the ultimo risk, the risk in the full run-off of the liabilities. This is in contrast to the short time horizon in internal risk models at insurance companies, and the one-year risk perspective taken in the Solvency II project of the European Community.
This paper aims at clarifying the one-year risk concept and describing simulation approaches, in particular for the one-year reserve risk. We also discuss the one-year premium risk and its relation to the premium reserve.
Finally, we initiate a discussion on the role of risk margins and discounting for the reserve and premium risk, with focus on the Cost-of-Capital method. We show that risk margins do not affect the reserve risk and show how reserve duration can be used for easy calculation of risk margins.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668709000638
CÓDIGO: BCS - 005
Transkanen, A. y Lukkarinen, J. (2003). Fair valuation of path-dependent participating life insurance contracts. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. Volume 33, Issue 3, pp. 595–609
Abstract
Fair valuation of insurance contracts, and of options embedded in them, is an important, incompletely understood issue. With the coming IAS insurance contract standard, the valuation of liabilities in life insurance is due to a drastic change. We present a computationally tractable model for fair valuation of participating life insurance contracts with given, almost arbitrary bonus policies. Unlike traditional valuation methods, our model captures several essential features of participating life insurance contracts, such as fair values of interest rate guarantees and of various bonus policies. In the model, fair value of life insurance contracts is understood as the arbitrage free price in the presence of liquid markets for liabilities. In addition to numerical results, the model gives solutions in closed form.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016766870300177X
CÓDIGO: BCS - 005
Transkanen, A. y Lukkarinen, J. (2003). Fair valuation of path-dependent participating life insurance contracts. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. Volume 33, Issue 3, pp. 595–609
Abstract
Fair valuation of insurance contracts, and of options embedded in them, is an important, incompletely understood issue. With the coming IAS insurance contract standard, the valuation of liabilities in life insurance is due to a drastic change. We present a computationally tractable model for fair valuation of participating life insurance contracts with given, almost arbitrary bonus policies. Unlike traditional valuation methods, our model captures several essential features of participating life insurance contracts, such as fair values of interest rate guarantees and of various bonus policies. In the model, fair value of life insurance contracts is understood as the arbitrage free price in the presence of liquid markets for liabilities. In addition to numerical results, the model gives solutions in closed form.
Disponible en:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016766870300177X